Microbial cells in the experimental stage

Coal, oil, natural gas, is currently a major energy source of human life. With the development of human society and the improvement of living standards, increasing energy consumption needs. But these gifts of nature by the energy Toshiba Tecra A4 battery of material changes in the earth’s crust millions of years of gradually accumulated, although the number of more limited after all. Therefore, people will eventually face the energy crisis of the day.

Of course, people can get energy from many aspects. Such as solar power is a great source of energy. In addition, like geothermal, hydro, nuclear fission can release large amount of heat. Experimental studies have shown that microbial electricity generation, to show people a better future.

There are many types of batteries, fuel cells are a rising star in this family. Battery is generally positive, negative, electrolyte three parts, fuel cell is like this: let the fuel in the anode of a chemical reaction, loss of electrons; to oxidant react in the cathode of a obtained from the anode through a wire running over the electronics. As with ordinary battery, this time the current through the wire in there.

Fuel cells can use hydrogen, hydrazine, methanol, formaldehyde, methane, ethane, etc., as fuel, oxygen, air, hydrogen peroxide and other oxidant. We can now use microbial life activities of the so-called “electrode active material” as the fuel cell, then similar to the way fuel cells to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, a microbial cell.

Microbial cell as an electrode active material, mainly hydrogen, formic acid, ammonia and so on. For example, it has been discovered that many bacteria can produce hydrogen, which are of heterotrophic Sony VGP-BPS8 bacteria can have more than 30 kinds, they are able to ferment sugars, alcohols, organic acids and other organic matter, absorb the chemical energy to meet their activities of life needs, while the other part of the energy in the form of hydrogen release. With this hydrogen as fuel, it can produce hydrogen-based microbial batteries.

In a confined spacecraft, astronauts how to do the urine discharge? NASA devised a clever scheme: to use microorganisms to deal with urinary Bacillus produce ammonia, ammonia as the electrode active material, it has been microbial cells, it only dealt with urine, also received electricity. General conditions in space, emit 22 grams per person per day in urine, can get 47 watts of power. By the same token, also allows micro-organisms were obtained from PC764 organic waste water nutrients and energy needed to produce fuel cells.

Although microbial fuel cells still in the testing phase of the study, but it indicates the near future will provide mankind with more energy.

Parameter of Battery Main Performance

The main features include battery electromotive force, rated capacity, rated voltage, open circuit voltage, internal resistance, charge and discharge rate, resistance, longevity and self-discharge rate.

EMF: is the balance between the two electrodes electrode potential difference, to lead-acid batteries as an example, E = Ф +0- Ф-0 + RT / F * In (αH2SO4/αH2O). The standard lead-acid Dell Inspiron 9300 battery emf is 1.690-(-0.0.356) = 2.046V, so the battery’s nominal voltage of 2V. Lead-acid battery emf and temperature and sulfuric acid concentration.

Rated capacity: Zai design requirements of the conditions (such as temperature, discharge rate, termination voltage Deng) Xia, Ying Neng release of Zuidi battery capacity, in ampere-hours, to Fu Hao C Biaoshi. Capacity by the discharge rate is high, often in the lower right corner of the letter C, with Arabic numerals indicate the discharge rate, such as C20 = 50, show that the rate of 20 had a capacity of 50 ampere-hour. Theoretical capacity of the battery under the dell TD347 battery electrode active material reactive in the amount and calculated according to Faraday’s law of electrochemical active substances equivalent spectra. As the battery side effects may occur, and the special needs of design, the actual capacity of the battery is often lower than the theoretical capacity.

Rated voltage: the battery at room temperature, the typical operating voltage, also known as the nominal voltage. It is used in reference to different types of batteries. Actual battery voltage varies with different conditions. Battery open circuit voltage is equal to the positive and negative electrode potential electrode balance the difference. Only with the type of electrode active material, whereas the number of independent and active substances. The battery voltage is essentially a DC voltage, but in some special conditions, the electrode reaction caused by the metal crystals or films of certain phase transition into phase voltage will cause small fluctuations, a phenomenon known as noise. Volatility is small but very wide frequency range, so the circuit can be distinguished from self-excited noise.

Open circuit voltage: battery voltage under open circuit condition known as open circuit voltage. Battery open circuit voltage is equal to the battery in the circuit (ie when there is no current through the poles) the battery positive electrode potential and the anode electrode potential difference. Battery open circuit voltage with V opening, ie the V open = Ф +-Ф-, which Ф +, Ф-positive cells were negative electrode potential. Battery open circuit voltage, generally less than its emf. This is because the two poles of the Toshiba Satellite M100 battery  electrolyte solution in the electrode potential established, the electrode potential is usually not balanced, but the stability of the electrode potential. Generally similar to that battery’s open circuit voltage is the battery .

Resistance: the battery internal resistance is the current through the battery internal resistance when the subject. It includes the ohmic resistance and polarization resistance, polarization resistance also includes internal resistance of electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization resistance. Since the existence of internal resistance, battery voltage is always less than the electromotive force or open circuit voltage of the battery. Battery internal resistance is not constant, the charging and discharging process of change over time (getting larger), because the composition of active material, electrolyte concentration and temperature are constantly changing. Ohm’s law Ohm’s resistance to comply with the polarization resistance increases with current density, but not linear. Often with the current density increased. Resistance is to decide an important indicator of battery performance, which directly affects the battery voltage, operating current, the output of energy and power, the battery, its internal resistance as small as possible.

Discharge rate: the rate and the ratio of two times representation. Charge and discharge time when the rate is expressed by the charge and discharge rate is numerically equal to the battery’s rated capacity (ampere-hour) divided by the provisions of the charge and discharge current (security) from the number of hours. Rate charge and discharge rate is another notation, the reciprocal of its value too. The original dell GD761 battery discharge rate is discharged through a fixed resistor to the termination voltage is the time to express. Discharge rate greater impact on battery performance.

Impedance: Battery in great electrode – electrolyte interface area, it can be equivalent to a large capacitor battery and the small resistor, inductor series circuit. But the reality is much more complicated, in particular, the impedance of the battery and the DC level over time change, the measured impedance is only valid for specific measurement of the state.

Life expectancy: made from the battery storage life refer to the store to start using the maximum time allowed between, on an annual basis. Including the storage and use of total duration of that period, including the validity of the battery. Storage life of the battery life of a dry storage and wet storage life of the points. Is the battery cycle life under specified conditions are met can achieve the maximum charge and discharge cycles. When the specified cycle life requirements must charge and discharge cycle test of the system, including the charge and discharge rate, discharge depth and ambient temperature range.

Self-discharge rate: battery power during storage capacity of self-loss rate. Save time with a unit capacity of self-discharge loss before accounting for storage capacity expressed as a percentage.

A different kind of charger launched in UK

Recently, a British company announced the launch of the “Shoe” charger, by the heat generated by walking into electricity to charge for the iPhone or iPod. However, the user took 12 hours of electricity Dell Inspiron 500m battery generated, only enough to make iPhone calls for 1 hour.

According to reports, this long-barreled shoe soles with power generation capabilities, able to convert the foot of the heat current. Wear boots and hard path that charge 12 hours, enough electricity generated 1 hour talking on cell phones; if dancing up and down the better, as long as the more hot foot can produce more energy.

Today, this environmentally friendly concept of charging has become a trend, not long ago, the world’s leading mobile phone maker Nokia Company was released a price 18 U.S. dollars a bicycle phone charger, can use a bicycle Dell Latitude D620 battery  wheel Zhuandong kinetic energy generated by charging for the phone ; If in 1 hour and 10 kilometers an hour forward, riding the power generated by 10 minutes, enough mobile phone call 28 minutes.

Environmental Protection Volunteers for Waste Batteries

Yesterday, “Tianyi, let City Better Life” series of environmental protection charity operating in the telecommunications Hongshan Hall, hundreds of people with old mobile phones or Sony VGP-BPL2C batteries to the scene and to apply for environmental protection volunteers.

This event is organized by Radio and Television of Wuhan, Wuhan Evening News, City Youth Federation, China Telecom Corporation Limited Wuhan Branch jointly organized by other institutions.

Anyone with only a scrap or two old mobile phones cell phone battery or 10 waste the battery, you can apply for environmental protection volunteers, people involved in recycling old mobile Toshiba PA3465U-1BRS phones, the maximum award of 1,100 yuan deducted Tianyi phone purchase tickets and TM to enjoy.

The campaign launched in mid-May, has now accumulated to a thousand volunteers collected, the Department collected more than 40,000 old mobile phones, more than 50,000 pieces of old mobile phonesToshiba Satellite M50 battery  , more than 30,000 scrap section of ordinary batteries.

According to organizers, the recycling of old mobile phones and used batteries will be together in the three towns, some creative design exhibition, the specific implementation of the program will collect the people for prizes.

The event: not only mobilize the enthusiasm of the people, but also on people play the role of environmental education!

Yttrium iron lithium battery to speed up electric vehicles charging

Yesterday, the city CPPCC Vice-Chairman, Mr Alan Wong, the New Komeito in the light of the Office of Power Battery Co., Ltd. Poly Lei-day investigation.

Mr Wong first visited the “Poly Lei Tian” workshop, and then listen to Chairman Jia Xin Zhong briefing. “Poly Lei Heaven” is a company specializing in rare-earth yttrium iron lithium Inspiron 1720 battery  technology research and development and power production of high-tech enterprise, registered capital of 130 million yuan, total assets of 31 billion yuan at present. The company now has an annual output of 1000 tons of Yttrium and yttrium cathode material lithium iron battery lithium iron on the 100 million when the amount of safety and capacity, to provide supporting electric cars, electric-bus, electric urban transit buses and other electric vehicle powertrain.

According to reports, Yttrium iron lithium battery is a high energy density, high reliability, long life, especially in rechargeable battery can be fast, it’s come out, break through the technology of pure dell Inspiron 1526 battery electric cars run bottleneck and solve the pure electric vehicle operations fast charging and long life problems.

Zhong Xin Jia said: “We modified the pure electric car, a charge time of only about 20 minutes, and continues the course is up to 300 kilometers. Now we have built in California, two storage points, Italy, Britain and Taiwan We discuss construction of energy storage is and stations, of which Taiwan is building as many as 10. ”

Mr Wong said that at present, Shenzhen is making great efforts to promote electric cars, “Poly Lei days,” an autonomous research and development of rare-earth yttrium iron lithium Dell Inspiron 6000 battery , a high value in applications, he suggested that the relevant departments to promote the application.

Incredible cheese-driven fuel battery

If cheese could be the embodiment of the battery, you will feel incredible. But everything will also be times, you do not have surprised!

The current demand for new energy research in the road, to develop fuel cell-driven cheese – in fact, is the use of whey, a byproduct of cheese production process. Fuel cells are often referred to hydrogen fuel cells, and the study’s objectives is to make waste plant through the organic waste directly into electricity, thus restoring the waste of energy.

According to the University of Patras Greece, Georgia Antonopoulou describes the biochemical engineer, lactose can be fuel cell culture medium for bacteria to digest, so directly current. Microbial fuel cell is not a new idea, but in recent years, as a way to deal with the way water and electricity at the same time attracting enough attention.

Whey is rich in organic matter, such as direct emissions, would be dangerous environment, many governments have enacted strict legal requirements for its processing plant for processing. According to Dr. Antonopoulou, occupied in the production of cheese whey liquid milk 70% of capacity, so even a small cheese factory, the year will produce as many as 4,000 tonnes of whey. Microbial fuel cell can not only help create industrial processing of cheese whey; breweries, farms, food processing plants, and even sewage treatment plants can benefit from this technology.

The traditional fuel cell makes use of catalytic fuel oxidation substances such as hydrogen, and then generates positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons. Cations are attracted to a subsidiary electrode, electrolyte through the diaphragm or isolated electron, so that it can not directly move closer to the cation electrode, so that free-roaming electrons through a wire running to the subsidiary electrode, resulting in current.

Microbial fuel cell works similarly, only catalytic reaction chamber from the storage on the microbial fuel cell production. In the anaerobic environment (without oxygen present), whey by providing nourishment for these microbes to metabolism, in which biochemical reactions will produce cation, making the current generation is possible.

“In theory, microbial fuel cell can use any kind of organic-driven,” Bristol robot [37.96 -2.57%] Laboratory head Chris Melhuish explained that “all need to do is to make as a fuel microbial organisms and the appropriate medium matching. “Melhuish spent many years of Dr. domestic wastewater using robots, the process is not simple.

Nevertheless, Antonopoulou Dr has proven through the use of bacteria from the wastewater medium obtained and used diluted whey as fuel, the kind of fuel cell performance and use of processed fuel quite. The problem now is that the fuel cell’s energy output is only micro-watts magnitude, barely able to charge the phone. Meanwhile, the waste water treatment also have a long way to go.

The beginning, Antonopoulou Dr. and her colleagues found that they made the Cullen fuel cell efficiency (a kind of electronic access to the circuit for the number of generated metric) is very low, only about 2%. This is because micro-organisms contained in the whey which is also absorbing electron, so kill the whey by pretreatment of impurities, and now they Coulomb efficiency to about 25%. They also vowed, through the design using a new chamber allowing fuel to increase the surface area of electrodes can further improve the device’s power.

Now the biggest problem is the lack of the kind of fuel cell materials research and development investment. In the present circumstances, as Antononpoulou Dr. Dr. and Melhuish, researchers have used this reference to the traditional design of fuel cell electrodes. If the variety of problems can be overcome and that the technology widely used in industry, then the microbial fuel cell has the potential to produce as it was the anaerobic fermentation gas produced from waste as generated enough energy. If given enough time, this technology will gradually mature, as did a high-quality cheese.

Sanyo focus on Electric battery business

Acquired by the battery manufacturer Matsushita, Sanyo Electric Co. return to profitability and increased earnings forecast, higher performance comes from solar panels and electronic components of strong gains.

The total net income may be ending on September 30 for 6 months 1.6 billion yen (1.82 billion dollars), compared with earlier estimates of operating income or sales minus cost of goods sold and administrative expenses, may be 24 billion yen .

Sanyo is accelerating next-generation solar cells and lithium-ion battery development of new materials, aimed at winning greater renewable energy market share. The electronics maker earlier this month agreed to sell its loss-making chip business, and in the future to focus more on the battery part of business and increase profits.

Global power battery technology Symposium will be held at Shanghai on September 1

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International) car batteries 1-3 Forum will be held in September at the Shanghai Marriott Hotel Hongqiao. There will be more than 20 world-renowned power from the battery and related industry experts gave a speech. From the global automotive industry, battery industry, the power storage of lithium mining industry and senior engineers, experts and scholars and corporate leaders will gather on the power cell technology to study and exchange.

New energy vehicles and car batteries

In recent years, energy saving slogans all over the world, all walks of life all have engaged in the cause of energy conservation. Now, the Chinese government’s support for energy conservation efforts are increasing year by year, including the development of new energy vehicles for providing great impetus. Recently, the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Science, Industry and Information Ministry and the Development and Reform Commission jointly issued a “buy on the launch of new energy vehicles to subsidize a private pilot’s Notice”, these initiatives not only promote the development of new energy vehicles, but also brought along with it closely related to the rapid development of automotive battery market.

New energy vehicles are currently the main plug-in vehicles and pure electric vehicles and so on, its development depends largely on battery technology. And with lithium battery as the chief representative of the cost, performance, life and charging, and security are still many problems, this is the bottleneck of the development of new energy vehicles, hard to spread.

How will the automotive industry and the battery industry more closely together?

Car battery in the battery industry’s top technology development, and because is directly related to the popularization of new energy vehicles, so their development for the future development of the automotive industry is of great significance. The development of the battery can power the two industries more closely linked together. In fact, a certain scale in China has thousands of battery companies engaged in production of automotive battery several hundred, while the real ability to set foot in automobile production enterprises battery only a few dozens. Car batteries each year and there are many exhibitions and seminars, unfortunately only with their industry focus, unable to meet the mutual understanding and communication of urgent need.

This year’s American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International) car batteries Forum invited the United States Advanced Automotive Battery (Advanced Automotive Batteries) president and the whole battery consulting company (Total Battery Consulting, Inc.) Founder, Dr. Anderman did the President. Dr. Anderman is the world’s leading battery experts, enjoy a high reputation in the industry.

introduction of Car battery use in summer

The temperature in summer weather, hot and intolerable. Riders drive in the mountains, blowing from the mountains to enjoy the cool breeze blowing is not uncommon, but the return trip can not be found in cars has been launched. Cause excessive power consumption can not start car is not uncommon.

Sustainability of the automotive batteries in the end

After stopping the vehicle electrical equipment headlamps, tail lights, reading lights and a radio or CD. In the search through the mainstream models currently on the market, its battery capacity of 35Ah and 45Ah are basically in between. The headlight power of 55 watts in most cases / month, taillight power of 5 W / a, read the light power of 5 W / a, radio power is 5 W / a, CD, power will be higher than the radio.
According to automotive experts Liu master description, experience, good in the case of automotive batteries, open the lamp, reading lamp, radio, battery capacity of 35Ah 3 hours of work time, while the capacity of 45Ah batteries can be a little longer working hours In between 3 to 4 hours. In his view, the higher the volume of the radio or CD, the greater the power, so battery power usage time, also consider this issue. In addition, the battery life is 2 to 3 years, so new and the old battery also affects the length of continuous power supply. If the user does not secretly install some of the original appliances, such as the subwoofer, etc., will result in excessive use of the battery. He warned the owners, if batteries old, working hours, preferably not more than 2 hours.

Experts Return Weapon:

Should be half an hour to charge the battery once

So, how to decide to charge the battery of the time, and will not let the battery in a power deficit state. Experts answer is: not to judge. Experts believe that, not with the brightness of headlights or the audio sound to judge the strength of the working status of the battery, if you wait until the brightness of dark and light, to that time, state of battery power long into the deficit, and the car is definitely a “paralyzing” the can not be launched. He warned the owners, in order to ensure the batteries work, let the car “paralysis”, the owner is best when used in the battery every half hour, start the engine to charge the battery once.
When the batteries run out of power after the start the car then what method? Liu chef recommends three ways: stroller started pulling up and lap start. The first two methods for manual models. To him, the carts start is the familiar and the most effective method of emergency start, but this is a last resort, not often used, because it has some engine and clutch damage. Traction methods and principles to start with the cart started much the same. The lap starts is used with another way to start a vehicle battery lap.

Maintenance Reminder:

Batteries used improperly can be scrapped from March to April
 
Industry experts said the car’s maintenance, the battery maintenance is also important, if the develop bad habits, will shorten battery life or cause damage. The battery can be used generally 2 to 3 years. However, if the use of unreasonable, 3 to 4 months, may have to be replaced.
Today, the car more and more electrical equipment, so owners in the use of these electrical equipment, try not to let batteries overworked. With electric windows and skylights, for example, car owners should be completed before the engine stalled and closed it down, because if the engine stalled, it will stop power generation, this time further down the windows will increase the load on the battery, easy on the battery caused damage. Light is the same, if you want to turn off, no special need, you should turn off headlights, and then turn off at night to start the car should be started when the bright lights and then to minimize the damage to the battery.
Experts advise that if the engine stopped working for battery state of work, we must prevent the battery power loss, power loss is easy if the damage caused by batteries. There is a technology to repair the damaged battery, pulse charging technology will activate the battery electrolyte, may be used. However, if serious power deficit, the battery would be scrapped in advance.

Dongguan Electrical Battery Overcoming Technical Difficulties

Recently, in the United Kingdom Greater London M25 motorway around the city, a bizarre form of electric vehicle gallop after two laps, have the energy back to the starting point for more than 30 km away. 400 km-long journey, a way not to add energy. This is RadicalSportscars and Imperial College London team of environmental sustainable development in electric car vehicle SRZero.
A battery can be recharged several times, how far can recharge the batteries, electric vehicle battery is the core technology. McNair New Energy Limited (McNair), developed for light electric vehicle battery can be rechargeable 2000 times, can run 360 thousand kilometers, called the industry’s “long life” battery.
McNair plans to spend the next 1-2 years, small-batch production of light low-speed electric vehicles, golf cars and yachts with the power battery.

Battery power for 360,000 km

Recently, the reporter went to the Industrial Park, Dalang Town, the level of McNair. McNair is not the most buzz in the park, but it does power batteries, electric vehicle industry is the most critical aspect of people new light.
Chief Engineer Liu Xiaohong, said McNair, McNair small batch production of the current electric vehicle batteries, to complete a charge to 6 hours. This applies to low-speed, short-range electric vehicle battery light on body weight 1.1 tons, speed 60 km -80 km of electric vehicles can be more than 180 km endurance. Rechargeable up to 2000 times or more times. In other words, a power battery able McNair approached 360,000 kilometers away, to 40,000 km a year, then it can use 9 years. In industry, this indeed a “long life” battery.
R & D, “longevity” of the power battery, McNair set up a professional R & D center. McNair rely on their own post-doctoral research station, there are more than 200 full-time R & D personnel, sprint power battery electric vehicles, including design and development.

Seek to capture “the most fatal flaws”

McNair, general manager of Mao Tiejun very clearly remember, when the test car’s odometer jump to 180 km, the clap cheer themselves and their colleagues at that moment. The results show that the battery completely in the design range, or even, even better than planned.
Mao Tiejun said McNair in 2006, electric car battery research and development, Hong Kong and Guangdong Province in 2007 for the project tenders and get started 8-10Ah battery of structural design, preparation and mass production such as research and development.
“As of 2009, the company and its key materials, battery electric vehicle research and development costs on the accumulated investment of 12 million yuan.” Mao Tiejun said.
To successfully enter the field of electric vehicles, McNair is taking the Chan Xueyan line, with 712 research institutes, Dongguan, Shanghai University, Institute for Nanotechnology in-depth cooperation, namely, security technology R & D electric vehicle batteries, battery with nano-materials, key technologies, work the removal of the domestic battery industry “crown” on their own pearl.
Currently, electric vehicle batteries and the development of key materials, the McNair for invention and utility model patents, over 10, 10, a number of provincial and municipal projects in 2004 in 22 countries and regions registered the “McNair” trademark. This year, McNair started to wade across the industry as “the most fatal flaw” of the cell consistent difference, and this is related to electric cars can really enter the market of mass production.

Introduction of domestic production standards expected

“We hope to achieve power battery mass industrialization, to secure a leading position. The future will be further developed for high-speed electric vehicles, CMB, bus power batteries.” McNair told reporters Vice President Shi Qiao Shi, in battery technology, McNair is currently in the domestic leading position.
A few months ago, McNair has successfully developed electric vehicle batteries experimental samples, the second half of the trial production in small quantities. Qiao said the history of the world, McNair future plans to spend 1 year -2 years, small-batch production of light low-speed electric vehicles, golf cars and yachts with the power battery. Accumulate some experience of road test data, and further into the future of high-speed electric vehicles, CMB, bus power batteries.
This reporter learned that, at present China has not yet introduced the production of electric vehicle battery standard. Therefore, the whole industry, battery production equipment was not standardized. Once the establishment of domestic production equipment standards, while McNair developed battery may have to develop their own production facilities. Mao Tiejun said that the motive power for electric vehicles has not yet scale production and sales, not profit form the production alone, to support related research enterprise becomes relatively weak force.
Mao Tiejun that if the Government can provide to financial support from the policy, you can help enterprises better Chuang technology related.